Capitalization / Capital letters

When the letter “I” is used as a pronoun, (it) is written in capital letters.
ex
You, he and I will go to Canada.
They play chess, I play football.

The letters of the reported speeches are written in capital letters.
ex
He said, “They will come tomorrow.”
She said to me, “Do you know me?”
They told me, “We shall win the match.”
You said, “Why is he not coming?”

The first letter of the first word of a sentence is written in capital letters.
ex
He went to Universal Academy.
She came back yesterday.
They cheated themselves.
You cannot play with us.
Bring me a glass of water.

The abbreviations which have been made by initial letters of the words are usually written in capital letters.
ex
M.A. = M.A. stand for master or arts. = M.A. is abbreviation of master of arts. = M.A. is shortened from/abbreviated from of master of arts.

M.N.C. = Member or provincial assembly.

M N.A. = Member of national assembly.

A.C. = Assistant commissioner.

D.C. = Deputy commissioner.

A.M (American) / a.m (British) = “anti meridiem” (Latin) = In English, it means “before noon”.

P.M. (American) / p.m. (British) = “post meridiem” (Latin) = In English, it means “afternoon”.

Note: This rule of capitalization does not work 100%. There are many exceptional cases.

The abbreviations which have been made by omitting some letters only the first letters of them are written in capital letters.
ex
Dr. = Dr. stands for doctor. = Dr. Is the abbreviation of “doctor”. = Dr. Is the shortened form/abbreviated from of “doctor”.

Mr. = Mister.

Mrs. = Mistress = (The abbreviated form of Mistress [ Mrs. ] is pronounced “Misiz”.)

Note : Capitalize the personal initials.
ex
R.D. Pathan
A.D. Khan
S.A. Khan

Question: What is “acronym”?
Answer: A wowed is made by initial letters of an organization or a department and is ready and pronounced like a complete word is called acronym.
ex
SAARC
NATO
UNESCO

All letters of acronyms are always written in capital letters.
ex
SAARC
NATO
UNESCO

The first letter of the names of the days of the week are written in capital letters.
ex
Saturday: He comes on Saturdays.
Sunday: Schools are off on Sundays.
Monday: We met them on Monday.
Tuesday: They will come on Tuesday.
Wednesday: Our exams will start from Wednesday.
Thursday: He celebrates holiday on Thursdays.
Friday: Most of the shopkeepers celebrate holiday on Fridays in Pakistan.

Note: “Fridays” mean every Friday.
ex
Saturdays = Every Saturday.
Sundays = Every Sundays.
Mondays = Every Monday.
Tuesdays = Every Tuesday.
Wednesdays = Every Wednesday.
Thursdays = Every Thursday.
Fridays = Every Friday.

The first letters of the names of the months of year are written in capital letters.
ex
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

The first letters of the names of the festivals are written in capital letters.
ex
Holly
Eid
Easter
Sibi Mela
Dewali
Christmas

The first letters of the proper nouns are written in a capital letters.
ex
Asia
Europe
London
The Quran
America

The first letters of the proper adjectives are written in capital letters.
ex
French
American
Pakistani

The first letters of noun and pronouns which are used for “God” are written in capital letters.

God, Allah, Almighty, Thou (Subjective form) = you, Thee (Objective form) = you.
ex
He (=Allah) has made us and we live in His (=Allah’s) kingdom.

“O” is written in capital letters in optative and exclamatory sentences.
ex
O that I were the king of England.
O that he were alive.

The first letters of the main words of departments, institutions and organization are written in capital letters.
ex
United Nations ( Organization )
Water and Power Development Authority.
Civil Hospital Quetta.
Water and Sanitation Authority.
Technical Training Center Quetta.
Combined Military Hospital.

Note: In formal British and American English, full stops are put and in informal and modern British English, full stops are not put.

Formal/Old English

B.A. = Bachelor of Arts
M.A. = Master of Arts

Informal/ Modern English

BA = Bachelor of Arts
MA = Master of Arts

The first letters of every line of poetry are written in capital letters.
ex
Love had he found in huts where poor men lie.
His daily teachers had been woods and rills.
The silence that is the starry sky.
The sleep that is among the lovely hills.
(William Wordsworth)

Note : Most of mode poets don’t follow the above rule.

The first letters of the main words of the historical events are written in capital letters.
ex
The First World War.
The Second World War.
Afghan Revolution.

The first letters of the titles which are used before the names of persons are written in capital letters.
ex
Doctor Sohail Ahmed Khan.
Professor Uzair Ahmed.
Senator Sameer Ahmed.